Bring bulgur to boil with 1 cup lightly salted water. Cover, reduce heat to low, and simmer for 3 minutes. Turn heat off, and let bulgur sit for 10 minutes.
While bulgur is resting, fill a medium bowl with a cup of ice and 2 cups water. Bring an inch of salted water to boil in a pot with a steamer insert. Add the beans, cover, and steam for 2-3 minutes, until just crisp-tender. (Exact cooking time will depend on size and freshness of the beans—your best bet is to taste them starting at 2 minutes, and go from there.) Use tongs to transfer beans to the ice water. (Reserve steaming water.) When beans have cooled (2-3 minutes), drain in a colander.
Spoon sugar into a large salad bowl, and stir in 1 tablespoon of the hot water from the beans until sugar has dissolved. Whisk in vinegar, oil, salt and pepper. Toss in green beans, tomatoes, cucumber, corn, onion and basil, and mix well. Fluff bulgur with a fork, and add to salad. Toss well to mix, and season with additional salt and pepper, if desired.